RNA Interference for Gene Knockdown and Silence

RNA interference (RNAi) is the process by which the expression of a target gene can be effectively silenced or knocked down. RNA interference involves two types of small ribonucleic acid, namely, microRNA (miRNA) and small interfering RNA (siRNA), which can bind to specific messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules and increase or decrease their activity.

RNAi is a latest powerful geneknockdown technique that allows for tissue-specific, temporally controlled suppression of gene expression. Gene knockdown is achieved by causing the destruction of specific mRNA molecules by introducing small double-stranded interfering RNAs (dsRNA) into the cytoplasm. When siRNA is introduced into the cytoplasm of cells, it will be cut into short interfering RNAs (siRNAs) which can target specific mRNA and causing degradation of it. Therefore, the expression of a particular gene can be suppressed by introducing dsRNA whose antisense strand sequence matches the mRNA sequence. Gene knockdown by RNAi is temporary, but this can be solved by transfecting target tissues or cell lines so that they express dsRNA autonomously.

The versatility of the technique leads to a number of applications. RNAi can be used in drug or chemical target validation. RNAi can target specific spliced exons, enabling the investigation of the functional roles of alternatively spliced forms of a gene. RNAi is also valuable research tool in cell culture and in living organisms where it can be used for large-scale screens that systematically shut down each gene in the cell, thus helping to identify the components necessary for a particular cellular process or an event.

The discovery of RNA interference brings significant advances in both basic research and translational applications. With the elucidation of the RNA interference pathway and the discovery of its participation in crucial biological events, a branch of science has come into being to utilize the RNA interference pathway as a biotechnology for both basic and applied research. To date, small interference RNA, plasmid-, and virus-encoded short-hairpin RNA are regular reagents in laboratories to knockdown the expression of specific genes post-transcriptionally. 

General Toxicology Service at Creative Animodel

Toxicology is the science dealing with properties, actions, toxicity, fatal dose, detection of, interpretation of the result of toxicological analysis and treatment of poisons. In other words, it is a branch of biology, chemistry, and pharmacology concerned with the study of the adverse effects of chemicals on living organisms. Toxicology test is required by law and the goal of toxicity assessment is to identify adverse effects of a substance.

Toxicosis potential is usually affected by multitude of related factors than just by actual toxicity of the toxicant. Exposure-related, biologic, and chemical factors are main factors that influence observed clinical consequences.

Each year, there will be numerous new chemicals as well as products of biotechnological industry required for risk assessment. In the area of general toxicology, Creative Animodel offers standard protocols designed to support drug approval submissions to domestic and international regulatory agencies. With multiple test species available, studies are overseen by Study Directors with vast experience gained from performing over 1000 GLP studies. From standard safety studies to more specialized services, Creative Animodel can help clients achieve their study goals more quickly and with greater confidence.

Toxicology Areas of Expertise

Acute Toxicity: Acute toxicity exams identify the particular side effects of a material in which effect possibly coming from a one direct exposure or from multiple exposures typically inside of twenty four hours.

Accumulation Toxicity: This deposition involving medications along with their particular metabolic byproducts inside parts might be dangerous, bringing about organ harm. Creative Animodel performs typical toxicology methods to evaluate deposition toxicity.

Subchronic Toxicity: Research in which go on intended for ninety days or for up to 10% of a examination subject's expected life are thought subchronic. Creative Animodel gives skills inside the planning, design and style, conduct, canceling along with declaring involving subchronic toxicity exams.

Chronic Toxicity: Chronic toxicity is often a home of a material which has dangerous effects with a dwelling organism, while in which organism can be subjected to the particular material constantly or repeatedly. Creative Animodel provides AAALAC-accredited features which often are equipped with probably the most innovative technologies to offer customers together with chronic toxicity exams along with help make better drug improvement judgments.

CRISPR-Cas9 Mouse Model used for Genome Editing

The CRISPR-Cas9 is latest popular tool in genome editing. The system’s Cas9 component is an intrinsic part of a newly developed mouse strain. The Cas9 mouse is expected to simplify in vivo genome-editing experiments, particularly those involved in multiple genes and cell types.

The CRISPR/Cas9 system allows for specific genome disruption and replacement in a flexible and simple system resulting in high specificity and low cell toxicity. The system allows researchers to mutate or change the expression of genes in living cells, including those of humans. The system is analogous to the TALEN DNA nuclease system and can be used to induce mutations at targeted regions in a model organism's genome. 


The Cas9 mouse overcomes packaging size limits. It will not be necessary to set aside valuable space aboard viruses or nanoparticles to convey the bulky Cas9 equipment. Viral or nanoparticlevectors can be packed straightaway with strands of guide RNA, which will also direct Cas9 to DNA targets, and thus it becomes less necessary to manipulate genes one at a time, or to cross animal models to produce strains possessing the desired traits. Besides, it is demonstrated that cells derived from the Cas9 mouse could be extracted for use in lab experiments. Researchers has successfully employed the Cas9-expressing cells removed from the mouse to edit immune dendritic cells , allowing the researchers to experiment with cells that aren't easily accessible and often lack the shelf life to conduct such experiments.

The CRISPR-Cas9 system from bacteria has been applied to genome editing in different species, including Drosophila, elegans , zebrafish , mouse , rat , and also human . The successful correction of disease-causing mutations in animal models via the CRISPR-Cas9 system by researchers in Shanghai Institutes for Biological Scienceshas has demonstrated that the CRISPR-Cas9 system can be also used to cure a genetic disease in mouse by directly correcting the genetic defect through NHEJ or HDR mediated gene editing. It is believed that in the future, there will be more interests in investigating whether similar gene-correction strategies could be used for mutation correction in a setting related to human diseases, such as human stem cells.


It is clear that the CRISPR/Cas system will be widely developed and used as a targeted mutation system in human cells and in mice/rat, due to its superior efficiencies and advantages over similar targeted cleavage systems. As a world leader in custom transgenic animal model, Creative Animodel offers high quality CRISPR/Cas9 System for mutagenesis and genome editing. Creative Animodel has years of experience serving hundreds of clients across six continents. Its full-service model has enabled medical and academic researchers to receive over 1,000 successful and unique gene targeted animal model lines. 

Get expert toxicology service in the US

As daily human interaction with all that is artificially manufactured reaches an all time high, the study of the various chemicals that make up everyday objects, and how they affect natural organisms has gained more prominence than ever. The field of toxicology has evolved immensely in the past few decades, all thanks to the amazing leaps that science has made in terms of equipments and technologies that can be used to detect and analyze chemicals, even when present in trace amounts. The field requires an extensive understanding of chemistry and biology, as well as a thorough comprehension of how the two field mix. 

Secure reliable service for toxicology today

The study of toxins and chemicals takes many forms. Toxicity can be introduced by a sudden large dose of a harmful chemical, and can also be caused due to slow accumulation. DDT is a prime example of slow accumulation and was banned in virtually every developed country postthe discovery that the chemical ended up in animals living as far away as the polar caps. In total there are 4 specific types of toxicity:

1.    Acute toxicity 
2.    Accumulation toxicity
3.    Subchronic toxicity
4.    Chronic toxicity

The toxicology service offered by Creative Animodel can help you get an in depth understanding of the various types of toxicities. We utilize the latest technologies and state of the art equipments to observe the effects of the chemical on living organisms through various means of administration, and provide an in depth report on the same.